induced mutation in plant breeding

Mutation breeding Plant breeding requires genetic variation of useful traits for crop improvement. Often, how- ever, desired variation is lacking. Mutagenic agents, such as radiation and certain chemicals, then can be used to induce mutations and generate genetic variations from which desired mutants may be selected.

1. What is induced mutation?
2. How do plants induce mutations?
3. What are causes of mutation in plant breeding?
4. What is mutation plant breeding?
5. What are the two types of mutation?
6. Who is the father of mutation?
7. What are the disadvantages of mutation breeding?
8. What is mutation breeding given example?
9. How do you induce variegation in plants?
10. Which is the oldest breeding method?
11. How do plant breeders use mutation to improve crops?
12. How do physical agents cause mutation?

What is induced mutation?

Mutagens induce mutations by a variety of mechanisms. Some mutagens mimic normal bases and are incorporated into DNA, where they can mispair. Others damage bases and either cause specific mispairing or destroy pairing by causing nonrecognition of bases.

How do plants induce mutations?

To artificially induce hereditary changes in plants, either physical or chemical agents are used. Ionizing radiation is a widely used physical agent to treat the seeds and other plant material of crops to create heritable mutations.

What are causes of mutation in plant breeding?

Most mutagenic populations are generated by treating seeds with radiation or chemical mutagens. Physical mutagens are X-rays, Gamma rays, alpha particles, UV and radioactive decays. Irradiation usually cause large mutations (large-scale deletions of DNA), while chemical mutagens usually cause point mutations.

What is mutation plant breeding?

Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.

What are the two types of mutation?

There are a variety of types of mutations. Two major categories of mutations are germline mutations and somatic mutations.

Who is the father of mutation?

Advanced at the beginning of the 20th century by Dutch botanist and geneticist Hugo de Vries in his Die Mutationstheorie (1901–03; The Mutation Theory), mutation theory joined two seemingly opposed traditions of evolutionary thought.

What are the disadvantages of mutation breeding?

• The important limitations of mutation breeding are:
• They are sometimes harmful to organism.
• The frequencies of the mutants which are desirable are usually low.
• The absence of detailed information of the mutagens is not good method of crop improvement.

What is mutation breeding given example?

Examples include the long-grained rice called Jiafuzhan, which is a product of mutation. This was developed using ionizing radiations. It was developed inducing high radiation on the pollen grains of the plant and is a very stable mutation.

How do you induce variegation in plants?

» Convenient phenotype control using specific promoters: For example, with an alcohol-inducible promoter, variegation can be induced by spraying plant leaves with ethanol. » Visible Selection: Plants carrying a gene of interest can be easily identified without antibiotics or other chemicals.

Which is the oldest breeding method?

• Selection also called the German method is the oldest plant breeding method.
• It is the preservation of plants of desirable characters and then growing them. Thus the correct answer is option B.

How do plant breeders use mutation to improve crops?

Mutation breeding

Plant breeding requires genetic variation of useful traits for crop improvement. Often, how- ever, desired variation is lacking. Mutagenic agents, such as radiation and certain chemicals, then can be used to induce mutations and generate genetic variations from which desired mutants may be selected.

How do physical agents cause mutation?

The chemical or physical agents that cause mutations are called mutagens. Examples of physical mutagens are ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation. Radiation exerts its mutagenic effect either directly or by creating free radicals that in turn have mutagenic effects.